Rotary engine.



H. R. THURMOND.

ROTARY ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.24,1914- RENEWED JULY 10. 1915.

1,173,327.. Patented Feb.29,1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET l- WITNESSES H. R. THURMOND.

ROTARY ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 24, 1914. RENEWED JULY 10. 1915. 1,1?3321 Patented Feb. 29,1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

WITNESSES V b P x '5 v I f w" I ATTORNEY H. R. THURMOND.

ROTARY ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 24. 1914. RENEWED JULY 10, 1915.

1,173,327.. Patented Feb. 29, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3. 12.?

r. v I d v v A WITNESSES K o j v ATTORNEY STATE PATENT nosna ROY THURMOND, or ATLANTA, GEORGIA, AssIGNoaoFmHREE-EierrrHs 'ro I NEIL MANGAN, or ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

ROTARY ENGIivE. v

Application filed March 24, 1914, Serial No. 826,869. Renewed July 10, 1915. Serial No. 39,174.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I,'HOSEA R. THURMOND, a citizen of the United States, residing at Atlanta, in the county of Fulton and State of Georgia, have invented a new and useful Rotary Engine, of which the following is a specificatlon.

This invention has reference to improvements in rotary engines, and its object is to having provide. an engine wherein parts of expensive construction are eliminated and friction is reduced to a minimum. While the engine of thepresent invention may be operated byany suitable fluid under pressure, it is particularly adapted for pro-- 'pulsion by explosive mixtures of fuel and. air, wherefore the engine will be described, as an explosion engine without limitation of such means of obtaining the propelling power.

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a suitable casing in which there is mounted a rotor which may be a one piece structure, and since this rotor has no parts movable independently thereofit may constitute a perfectly balanced structure, so that the engine will run with great steadiness and without vibration. The engine operates on the four cycle principle, but by its construction eliminates three idle movements of the four cycle type of engine by causing four power impulses for each complete rotation of the rotor. j

'In the engine of the present invention friction is so reduced that it is possible to employ air alone for cooling purposes, and this cooling is confined to the compression and explosion zones or areas of the engine. The explosion or power chamber is separated from the compression chamber by a sliding abutmentmounted in'the casing of the engine and operating in conjunction with abutments formed on the rotor, but no movement independent thereof, that is. the rotor abutments are fixed'thereto. Other sliding abutments are-employed for directing. the intake of the fuel and the exhaust of the spent gases, and the arrangement is'such that during a portion of the travel of the rotor it may be bathed in lu- .bricating oil, thus most effectively lubricating the moving parts.

' The invention will be best understoodfrom a consideration of the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, with the further understanding that while the drawings show a practical form of the invention, the latter is Patented Feb. 29,1916.

not confined to any strict conformity with tion of the improved engine with the power shaft shown in cross's'ection. Fig. 2 is a vertlcal sectlon perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor with the latter shown elevation, and also showing some parts nearer to the observer than the plane of the sect1on. Fig. 3 is a vertical axial section of the engine with some parts shown'in elevation. Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2, but drawn on a larger scale. Fig. 5

is a section on the line 55 of Fig. 4. F 6 is a section on the line 6+6of Fig. 1. 7 is a cross section of a distributing valve employed in the engine. Fig. '8 is a perspective view of a fragment of the rotor.

I Referring to the drawings, there is shown a casing l which may be generally cylindrical "in shape, and' is provided with a foot or base portion 2, by means of which the easing is supported. The casing is formed with a side wall or head 3 and another side wall face of the casing provided with the incomplete head 4 is formed with an axially extending circular flange 6 closed in by another head 7' of appropriate size and secured to the head by bolts orscrews 8. The head 7 is formed with a central bass 9 constituting a journal support for the shaft 5, and while the bosses 4. and 9 are n so shown, it will be understood that they may be arranged to contain suitable replaceable bearings such as it is customary to provide in various types of engines. Y

In Fig. 3 the shaft 5 is shown as supplied exterior to the engine with a fly wheel 10, but this may be omitted, for mounted upon the shaft 5 within the casing is a rotor 11,

and by making this rotor sufliciently heavy it can be utilized as a fly wheel, in which y of this rotor there is formed a cam ring 13 extending through thehead 4 toward the head 7, being provided for a purpose which will presently appear. The rotor is in the main circular of less diameter than the "inner diameter of the casing, and is formed at spaced points with radially extended bosses constituting abutments 14 closely approaching the inner peripheral wall of the casing, so as .to' divide, the interior of the casing into a circular series of chambers and leak-- age past the abutments from one chamber to another is prevented by packing strips 15 seated in the rotor abutments at their crowns. The rotor not being as thick as the space between the heads 3 and 4 is provided around its margins with packing strips 16, these strips being formed with tongues 17 entering corresponding grooves 18 formed on the side faces of the rotor near its marginal portion, while at the margins the rotor is formed with a continuous series of notches 19 into which corresponding portions of the packing strips 16 seat, it being understood that the packing strips have teeth 20 fitting the notches 19, wherefore the strips are effectively locked to the rotor .against movement therealong or disengagement therefrom in any direction. At an appropriate point, and preferably on top of the casing, the latter has formed on it or secured to it a cylinder 21 communicating with the interiorof the casing through a passage 22, and Within this cylinder is lodged a piston 23 having a stem 24 movable into and out of the casing through the passage 22 in a. direction'subst'antially radial to the axis of rotation of the rotor. The inner end of the stem 24 is provided with packing strips 25 and the piston 23 has packing 26 thereon so that the engaging parts may; bepfiuid tight. The cylinder 21 is provided with a head 27 having inlet and outlet valve's- 28,

' 29, respectively, of any suitable common construction, and near the outer end the cyl- 'inder 21 has lodged therein a spider 30 carton 23, and into its stem 24. Surrounding the rod 31 is a spring 33 atone end engaging the. spider 30 and at the other end bearing against the piston 23, the normal tendency of the spring being to maintain the stem'24 against the outer peripheral portion of. the rotor; As the abutments 14 meet the stem 4' 24, which is in 'eifect a movable or sliding Y abutment, the stem is forced into the cylinder 21, and-the piston 23 movestoward the left by the shortened valves,

'head 27 compressing the spring 33 and at the same time forcing the air which is within the piston to theinner end of the cylinder,

the valve 29 closing and air entering the cylinder through the valve 28. This action occurs four times for each rotation of the rotor, since there are four abutments 14 and air is drawn into the cylinder 21 and forced therefrom four times: for each rotation of the rotor. Close alongside of the stem or abutment 24 and on the side of the latter toward the traveling abutment 'after having passed. the yieldable abutment or stem 24, is a port 34 through the head 4 and opening into the space or course through which the abutments 14 travel. Immediately surrounding this port on the side toward the head 7. is a box or chest 35 provided With a cover 36. Within the chest 35 are two oppositely slidable valves 37, 38, each provided with a port 39, 40, respectively. The valve 37 has a packing ring 41 surrounding the port 39 and the valve 38 has a packing ring 42 surrounding the port 40. These valves are movable in opposite directions in the chest 35 with respect to the port 34, and in one position are in alinement with each other and with the port' 34, and in another position are in closing relation to each other and to the port 34, the packing rings 41 and 42 being of sufficient size to prevent leakage. The valves are each shorter than the chest 25 and extending into'the spaces'in the chest are operating levers 43 pivoted together at 44 and having opposed short arms 45. The longer arms of the levers enter the chest through passages 46 and at the ends within the chests are recessed as shown at 47 to each receive a is an arm 52 carrying a roller 53 between rying at its center a guide rod 31 entering a longitudinal passage 32 through the pisi tsends adapted to travel on the margin of the cam ring 13 and at appropriate points other against another pin 60 carried by the pin 5.7, serves to maintain the pin 57 against the arm 52 and constantly urges the roller 53 against the periphery of the cam 13 and into the depressions 54in the surface of the cam when they come into coincidence with the roller. So long as the roller 53 is traveling upon the outer periphery of the cam ring between the depressions 54, the spring 59 is compressed and the head 58 is forced to with each other and with the ports 34 and' 50, and placing the pipe ,51 in communication with the spaces between the abutment 24 andthe abutment 14 which is assumed to have just passed the abutment 24. .The pipe 51 does not provide a constantly free line of communication around the abutment 24, but is provided with a one-way check valve 61 preventing any return'of compressed fluid to the side of the, abutment 24 toward which the abutments 14 are traveling, it being understood that the rotor in the particular showing of the drawings moves counter-clockwise, or in the direction of the arrow 62' of Fig. 2. Conveniently secured to the exterior of the head 7 is a reservoir 63 having a cylindrical extension 64 in which is mounted a piston 65 provided with a piston rod66. The cylindrical extension 64 is closed by a head 67provided with a stufling box 68 through which the piston rod 66 extends, and surrounding the piston rod between the head 67 and the piston 65 is a spring 69 tending to force the piston toward the interior of the reservoir. The outer end of the piston rod 66 is connected to a rock arm 70 mounted on a rock shaft 71 extending through the head 7 to the interior of the casing and there carrying another rock arm 72 in position to engage the free end of the arm 52, a pin 73 carried by one ofthe arms being interposed. Another pin 74 is carried bv the casing in positionto prevent more than a limited movement of the ,arm 72 in a direction to move the arm 52 against the action of the spring'59, sothat-under the action of the spring 69 the valves 37 and 38 can be moved only-to the partially closed position and cannot be fully clos ed.

The pipe 51 is connected bv a pipe 74 to one end of a valve casing 75 having a guide 76 therein for a valve stem 77 carrying at one end a valve 78 adjacent-to the reservoir 63 and in position to open and close the easing 75 with respect to the reservoir 63. The valve stem 77 is under .the control of a spring 79 surrounding it and engaging Valves.

against a guide 76 at one end and against an abutment 80 on the stem at the other end, the spring 79 tending to hold the valve 78 closed. Within the casing 76 is a crank shaft 81 connected to the valve stem 77 by a link 82 and outside of the casing 75 the crank shaft 81 has a crank extension 83 connected by a link 84 to an arm 85 controlling a three-way valve 86 within a casing 87 communicating by way of a passage 88 with the interior of the reservoir 63, the casing 87 being carried by the reservoir 63. The casing 87 has pipes 89, and 91 communicating therewith, the pipe 89 extending to the pipe 51, the pipe 90 opening through the heads 7 and 4 into the space or chamber into which the port 34 opens and the pipe 91 opening into the course traversed by the abutments 14 at another point to be considered hereinafter.

At points which may be approximately one hundred and twentyv degrees distant from the cylinder 21 are other similar cylinders 92, 93, respectively, either formed on or secured to the periphery of the casing 1 in substantially radial relation thereto. The

provided with a stem 95 extending into the casing and into engagement with the periphery of the rotor, suitable packing 96 be ing provided Where the stem 95 meets the periphery of the rotor, and the stem 95' serves the function of a yieldable abutment. The piston 94, like the piston 23, is provided with packing 97 and the cylinder 92 is provided with a head 98 at its outer end carrying a rod 99 entering a longitudinal passage 100 through the piston 94 and extending into the abutment 95. The rod 99 is surrounded by a spring 101 engaging the head 98 at one end and the piston 94 at the other end-and tending to force the piston toward the casing 1 and hold the abutment 95 in engagement with the periphery of the rotor. The cylinder 92 has an inlet valve 102 and an outlet valve 103, which like the valves 28 and 29 may be one-way check The valve 103 is connected to a pipe 104 for a purpose to be described. 'On the side of the cylinder 92 toward the cylinder 21 the casing carries a carbureter 106 discharging into the interior of the casing 1 occupied by the rotor, and as the carbureter may be of any approved form it is unnecessary to either show or describe-it in detail. I The cylinder 93 has a piston 107 with a stem 108 entering the casing 1 and serving as a yieldable abutment and the stem 108 has packing .109 where engaging the periphery of theroto'r. The cylinder 93 has at itscuter end a head 110 carrying a rod 111 extending through the piston 107 and having wings 119 fast to the heads 3 and 7,

spring 113, which like the spring 101 serves to hold the abutment 108 against the rotor. The cylinder 94 is provided with an inlet valve.114 and an outlet valve 115 like the corresponding valves of the other cylinders, and the valve 115 is connectedto a pipe 116 serving a purpose to be described. On that side of the cylinder 93 toward the cylinder 21 the casing 1 is entered by an exhaust pipe or duct 117 located close to the cylinder 93. The portion of the casing between the cylinders 92 and 93 and the cylinder 21 has its peripheral portion. covered by a hood 118 so that-there are passages 120 within the hood entered by the pipes 104 and 116, and the hood where surrounding the cylinder 21 has an outlet 121 so that air issuing from the pipes 104 and 116 will circulate through the passages 120 and escape through the opening 121. The engine isprovided with a spark plug 122 of any approved type so arranged that the compressed unburnt gases within the casing adjacent to the port 34 may be ignited. The pistons 94 and 107 in conjunction with the cylinders 92 and 93 serve as pumps drawing air into the respective cylinders through the inlet valves 102 and 114 and delivering air through the Valves 103 and 115 into the cooling jacket represented by the hood 118, while air pumped from the cylinder 21 through the valve 29 may be directed by a pipe 123 to any suitable point of utilization, as, for instance, the pumping up of automobile tires when theengine is used on an automobile, or for any other purpose where -0ompressed air is desired. The pipe 91 enters the casing close to and on that side of the abutment 94 toward the cylinder 21.

.Since it'is desirable to manually operate the valve 86 either the arm 85 or the crank shaft 87 may be provided with a reach rod, and in the. particular showing of Fig. 1 a reach rodi l24" is connected to the valve arm 85and is assumed to be carried toany convenient point for manipulation.

Let it be assumed that the engine is run- I f ning and that the parts are substantially in the position shown in Fig. 2. Between the abutment 24 and the abutment 14 which has 1 just passed the abutment 24, there is defined a chamber into which an explos ve mixture is discharged by "the compression due to the movement ofthe abutment. 14

thus approaching the abutment 24, the

' valves 37 and 38 at this time opening the pipe '51 to the interior of the casing because i r the roller 53 is at the time in a depression i as;

or notch 54. While this is occurring the -'-abutment 14 moving awayfrom the abutment 95 is creating vacuum conditions inthe space between the two va'hutments, thus indrawing a charge of explosive mixture by way ofthe carbureter 106. As soon as the roller 53 rides out of the notch 54 in which it is shown'as'seated in Fig. 5, thejvalves 2 pressed and is forced into the pipe 51, but is.

unable to escape therefrom, since the valves 37 and 38 are now closed until the pressure is high enough to open the valve 78 against the action of the spring 79, say about fifty pounds or more per square inch, and then the highly. compressed gas flows into the reservoir 63.. If there has been no superatmospheric pressure within the reservoir .63,

the expansion of the spring 69 would causea rocking of the arm 70 and a corresponding rocking of the arm 72, so as-to move the arm 52 in a direction to partially close the valves 37 and 38 and to a corresponding extent throttling the passage of explosive mixture under pressure from one side of the abutment 24 to the other, and this throttling will result in a certain amount of the explosivemixture being forced into the reservoir 63 through the valve78. As soon,.how-

ever, as suflicient pressure is established -within the reservoir 63 the piston 64 is forced in a direction to compress the spring 69, thus causing a'movement of the arm 72 away from the arm 52 until the latter is free to move'to the bottom of each depression 54 reaching it, and the action of the engine proceeds in the usual manner. The

pipe 89 is in communication with the pipe 51, but is normally closed by the valve 86. Whenever it is desired to increase the power of the'engine the valve 86 is turned to open the pipe 89 to the res'ervoir 63 and the "gas under pressure therein then passes into the explosion chamber with the charge. coming through the pipe 51, As soon as the abutment forming" one end of the explosion chamber reaches and passes the exhaust pipe 117,.the next abutment 14 in order of rotation has reached the yieldable abutment 24 and the burnt and spent gases find their way out through the exhaust pipe 117, the'approach ing abutment forcing these gases out close position of the abutment 108 thereto.

through the exhaust pipe because of the The lower part of the casing may be filled with lubricating oil, so that the rotor through that part of its course is bathed in lubricating oil and as the fuel gases or the gases of combustion do not'reach-this part of the engine the lubricating oil'i'emains practically uncontaminated, but reaches all parts of the rotor needing lubrication and not only serves as a sealing agent in conjunction with the packing, but the 011 is carried to higher parts of the structure where lubrication is necessary. The abutment 85 serves as a wiper for the lubricated peripheral part of the rotor, and prevents the carrying of excessive quantities of 011 to the higher parts, and also defines :one end of the intake chamber. Because of the liability of an excess of lubricating oil on the ap proaching side of the abutment 95, there 1s provided a by-pass 125 serving to return the raised oil to the lower part of the cas1ng.

Assuming that the engine is in working condition and that there is compressed gas within the reservoir 63, the englne maybe readily started if the parts are in a position similar to the arrangement of Fig. 5, for

then by turning the valve 86 the pipe 90 is put into communication with the interior of the reservoir 63 and highly compressed.gas is directed into the chamber between the abutment 24 and the abutment 14 which has already passed the abutment 24. The pres sure alone will be usually suflicient to start the rotor, but if it be insufficient, then the valve 86 may beclosed, and a spark may be caused at the spark plug, thus igniting the charge and giving a starting impulse. Suppose, however, that the abutment 14 under consideration is so positioned with relation to the abutment 24 that a starting charge cannot be sent through the pipe 90, then the charge is sent through the pipe 91 andengaging behind the abutment 14 then close to the abutment 95 the rotor is started solely by the pressure of the charge without ignition of the latter. As soon as the rotor 1s well started the engine will take up its regular course of operation and run without further attention. g

The gas from the reservoir 63 may be utilized for any suitable purpose, such as lighting the lamps of an automobile if the engine be used upon an automobile, and when the compressed gas within the reservoir which 1s at high pressure is utilized in con unct1on with the gas being compressed by the normal action of the engine, the pressure w1th1n the explosion chaanber 1s greatly increased and the power thereby augmented, due to the higher compression of the charge at ignition.

The engine has been descr bed as an explosion engine, and in the particular form shown is particularly adapted for such purpose, but either by omitt ng certain parts of the engine, or not utilizing the function of certain parts of the'engine, other means of propulsion, such as steam or compressed air alone may be used to drive the engine, and although in the claims the term explosion engine is employed, it will be understood that the invention is not thereby limited to the particular propelling fluid used on a explosion engme.

What is claimed is 1. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing with a plurality of abutments and a rotor with a plurality of abutments coacting with those of the casing, the engine having a single intake passage and a single exhaust passage, the intake and exhaust passages being separated one from the other by two adjacent casing abutments defining a chamber between them always separated from both the intake and the exhaust by said abutments, whereby the said chamber is adapted to contain lubricant, the abutments on the casing and rotor defining'intake and expan- I sages are located defining between them alubricant chamber separated from said intake and exhaust passages by the abutments and the abutments of the rotor and casing defining an intake chamber, .an explosion chamber and an exhaust chamber within that portion ofthe casing other than the lubricant chamber.

3. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing with three interior abutments of which one is located at the top portion of the casing and the other two below the center of the casing, and a rotor with four equally spaced peripheral abutments coacting withvthose of the casing, the engine hav ing an intake passage adjacent to one of the lower casing abutments on the side of the said abutment toward the top casing abutment, and an exhaust passage adjacent to the other lower casing abutment on the side thereof toward the top casing abutment, whereby the two lower abutments define a lubricant-receiving chamber between them in the lowermost part of the casing and sop:-

arate said chamber from the intake and exhaust passages, and the abutments of the rotor and casing defining an intake chamber, an explosion chamber and an exhaust chamber within the casing above the lower abutments thereof.

4. A rotary explosion engine com rising a casing and a rotor, therein mounted upon a horizontal axis, thecasing and rotor having coacting abutments defining an intake chamber, an explosion chamber, an exhaust chamber, and a lubricant chamber in the or-, der named in the direction of rotation, the lubricant chamber being at thelowermost portion of the casing, and the latter having operating means comprising one of its abutments at a high point in the casing, and the intake chamber having a conduit connected with 'the explosion chamber about the high abutment in the casing.

5. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing and a rotor therein mounted upon a most portion of the-casing and the latter having one of its abutments at ahigh point in the casing and the intake chamber hav inga conduit connected with the explosion chamber about the high abutment in the casing, said conduit being provided with a check valve opening toward the explosion chamber. v

6. Anexplosion enginecomprising a casing and rotor with coacting abutments defining an intake and an explosion chamber, the-intake chamber having a conduit connection with the explosion chamber about one of the abutments and provided with a check valve opening toward the explosion chamber, and a valve structure between the conduit and' the explosion chamber provided with means for causing the opening and closing of the second-named valve atv predetermined intervals, said second-named valve comprising oppositely slidable members with ports therethrough, and operating means therefor controlled by the rotor.

7. An explosion engine ing and rotor with coacting abutments defining an intake and an explosion chamber, the intake chamber having a conduit connection with the explosion chamber about one of the abutmentsa-nd provided with a check valve opening toward the explosion chamber, 'and'a valve structure between the conduit and the explosion chamber provided with means for causing the opening. and closing of the second-named valve at predetermined intervals, said second-named valve comprising oppositely slidable members with ports therethrough, and operating means therefor: controlled by the rotor, said a dam ring on the.rotor with cam depressions therein at predetermined intervals, pivoted levers' con- .nected to the valves, and an arm andplnin operative relation to the cam and movable between thelevers to cause the actuation of 'the valves to open when the arm moves into the depressions in the cam.

8.'A rotary explosion engine comprislng a casing having yielding abutments, a rotor with abutments and mounted in the casing with the abutments in operative relation'to 1 theecasing abutments, said casing and 'rotor abutments" defining an intake chamber, an

explosion chamber and 'an'exhaust chamber,

comprising a caschamber, tions between the conduit and the reservoir 4 for charglng the, latter with compressed gas,

mg the reservoir with the interior of the casing.

9. A rotary explosion enginecomprising a casing having yielding abutments, a rotor with abutments and mounted in the casing with the abutments inoperative relation to the casing abutments, said casing and rotor abutments defining an intake chamber, an explosion chamber, and an exhaust chamber, a connecting conduit between the intake chamber and the explosion chamber and extending about a casing abutment, a reservoir on the engine for compressed gases, connections between the conduit and the reservoir for charging the latter with compressed gases, and other conduits connecting the reservoir with the-interior of the casing, said last-named :cenduits being provided with a distributing valve for connecting any chosen one of the conduits to the reservoir.

10. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing having yielding abutments, a rotor With abutments and mounted in the casing with the abutments in operative relation to the casing abutments, said casing and-rotor abutments defining an intake chamber, an explosion chamber,'and an exhaust chamber, a connecting conduit between the intake chamber and the explosion chamber and extending about a casing abutment, a reservoir on the engine for compressed gases, connections between the conduit and the reservoir for charging the latter with com- I pressed gases, and other conduits connecting the reservoir with the interior of the casing, said last-named condults being provided with a distributing valve for connect ing any chosen one of the conduits to the reservoir, said reservoir having pressure re'- sponsive means connected with the interior a of the reservoir and the engine'having' an intake valve between the conduit connecting the intake and explosion chambers, and said explosion chamber and the pressureresponsive means vconnected to the reservoir having connections to the intakvalve to control its effective opening.

11. A rotary explosionengme comprising a casing and a rotor therein, said casingand rotor being providedwwith abutments defin-r ing an intake chamber and chamber, a conduit connection between the abutment carried by the casing, avalve interposed b etween the conduit and the explosion a reservoir on the. engine, c onnecan explosion and pressure responsive means connected to the valve and also to the reservoir for controlling the efiective opening of the valve in accordance with the reservoir pressure.

12. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing with yieldable abutments therein, and a rotor mounted in the casing and provided with abutments fixed to the rotor and projecting toward the inner peripheral wall of the casing, the rotor being provided on its side faces with grooves and notches, and packing strips lodged in the groove and having teeth entering the notches.

13. A rotary explosion engine-comprising a casing with yieldable abutments therein, and a rotor mounted in the casing and provided with abutments fixed on the rotor and projecting toward the inner peripheral wall of the casing, the rotor being provided on its side faces with grooves and notches, and

packing strips lodged in the grooves andhaving teeth entering the notches, the rotor also having packing strips in the crown por- 'tions of the rotor abutments.

14:. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing and a rotor, the casing having yieldable abutments, one at the top portion of the casing and the others spaced'therefrom toward a low part of the casing, and the rotor being provided with coacting abutments, the abutments of the casing carrying pistons, and the casing also having pump cylinders inclosing the pistons controlled by the abutments and the pumps being provided with valves, a jacket inclosing the portion of the engine extending from the lower abutments to the upper abutment, and conduits leading from the lower pumps and discharging into the lower portions of the jacket.

15. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing and a rotor, the casing having yieldable abutments, one at the top portion of the casing and the others spaced therefrom toward a low part of the casing, and the rotor being provided with coacting abutments, the abutments of the casing carrying pistons and the casing also having pump cylinders inclosing the pistons controlled by the abutments and the pumps being provided with valves, a jacket inclosing the portion of the engine extending from the provided with pistons, and the casing having cylinders in which the pistons move with the cylinders provided with intake and outlet valves whereby the cylinders and pistons form air pumps, a rotor within the casing having abutments substantially ninety degrees apart and in coactive relation with the abutments carried by the casing, the abutments of the rotor and casing defined an intake chamber, an explosion chamber, an exhaust chamber, and a lubricant chamber,

and a cooling jacket on the casing in operative relation to the intake and explosion chambers and connected with the outlet side of the pumps for the direction of air from the pumps thereinto.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto afiixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

HOSEA ROY THURMOND.

Witnesses:

M. SHEARER, NEIL MANGAN. 

